lunes, 4 de enero de 2016

Panama: the dialogues of the President Juan Carlos Varela in 2016



Francisco Rivas Ríos.


Saturday, January 2, 2016, presented the report to the nation, before the National Assembly, the President of Panamá Juan Carlos Varela met 18 months of government management.

Successful background in the dialog.

According to the President Varela, 3 a history of successful dialogues during his administration.

1. The Summit of the Americas (April, 2015). In his opinion, during the seventh Summit of the Americas, showed the successful nature of the policy of dialogue and consensus.


2. The decentralization of the public administration.
The Varela, President highlights the dialogue which convened and promoted at the National Assembly of Deputies, to approve the law 66 of 2015. This law will allow to transfer $ 200 million from the Central Government to the 78 municipalities in the country that works community.3. sector health.

The President believes that he managed to successfully conclude the first stage of the national dialogue for the transformation of the public health system, with important agreements to improve the working conditions of health workers and move towards the effective coordination between the Ministry of health and the Social security box. This will ensure that all Panamanians, have access to comprehensive health care, treatments and medicines of the highest quality.

The presidential dialogues in 2016.

1. National strategic plan 2030.
The President reported that he made the decision to summon all political and social forces to that country through the national consultation for the development, start a dialogue with a view to the adoption of a National Strategic Plan with a vision of State "Panamá 2030" to realize the 17 objectives of development (ODS), adopted within the framework of the last Assembly of the United Nations.

2. Ratification of the Convention 169 of the international organization of the work on indigenous rights.
The President expressed willingness to move forward on ratification of the ILO Convention 169 "... but before you take that step, ask that we dialogue to reach agreement on how to move forward together towards the implementation of the plans of development of each region".


3. Educational sector.
The Varela, President invited the teachers unions in the country to start a national dialogue to define together the public education system with vision of State demanded by our present and future generations. For this purpose, he created the National Advisory Council for education, through the Executive Decree 449 of 2015. The dialog will have the support of the United Nations programme for development (UNDP).

The change in strategy of the Varela, President with regard to the administration of Ricardo Martinelli (2009-2014), is now the main interlocutor magisterial guilds, as it while with Martinelli the main direction of the effort focused on organizations of educators, supporting the business sector with more conservative.


4. Expansion of the Panama Canal.
The Varela, President called Grupo Unidos por el Canal (GUPC), which builds the expansion of the Panama Canal, "a dialogue with the authority of the Panama Canal, allowing to conclude the works, leaving legal claims in the hands of the competent bodies and avoid differences media contributing nothing to the image of the contractors the Panama Canal Authority and the Republic of Panama".

5. Electoral reforms.
The President asked the Committee on electoral reforms that keep the respectful dialogue and not allow internal political strife to prevent consensus.

6. in addition, he said the National Assembly of deputies need to work together on reforms to the law on public procurement, and a law to unify the purchase of medicines on the basis of the agreements of the health dialogue.

The viability of the dialogues of the President in 2016.


Viable dialogues.


The 2030 National Strategic Plan. This is a theoretical exercise to meet the commitment made by the United Nations, so it will be without difficulties.


Reforms to public procurement law, and a law to unify the purchase of medicines, will be major problems for its approval in the National Assembly.

'Difficult' dialogues.

• The ratification of the Convention 169 the Organization International of the work on indigenous rights.
The approach of the President Varela is unclear in this case for two reasons. First, the ratification of any International Convention is under the authority of the National Assembly, and this is not mentioned in the speech. Second, conditional ratification of Convention 169/ILO for the implementation of regional development plans, let the ratification in limbo. A conflict with the indigenous leadership on this methodology is expected to ratify ILO-169.

• The electoral reforms.
 So far, the dialogue has been done in a National Committee on electoral reforms, without decision-making, integrated by various actors, not always relevant. The process becomes crucial when the recommendations of the Committee passed by the National Assembly, which has the ability to approve or reject them, or propose new reforms.

• Dialogue on the education sector.
The shift of the Varela, President becomes main interlocutor with the unions of teachers, is a positive step. However, occurs in a context of growing conflicts as a result of: a) arrears of wages to a sector of educators; and (b) difficulties to maintain the infrastructure of the schools. In addition, the project of increasing the number of hours was rejected by various guilds.

The problem is that there is a perception that the current administration of the MEDUCA is a continuation of the previous Minister (Lucy Molinar), which is currently facing charges of corruption. It is little credible to some leaders who an officer's confidence of the former Minister, characterized by its enmity with the teachers unions, now you can be at the forefront of a dialogue. Possibly the Varela, President will have to assess this situation.

• GUPC - ACP dialogue.
GUPC (Grupo Unidos por el Canal) is integrated by Spain's Sacyr, the Italian Salini Impregilo, Belgian Jan de Nul and the Panamanian urban construction, and is the consortium which builds the third set of locks for the Panama Canal, which must be finished the second quarter of 2016 after almost two years of delay.

Business Panama cupola has spoken against delays in the work and especially for millionaires claims the GUPC arguing cost overruns. In a statement, the business Guild said that it is "unacceptable" to end one year more with surprises in the project of expansion of the inter-oceanic route, product of "not conclusive" claims by Grupo Unidos por el Canal (GUPC). The ACP meanwhile, announced that if GUPC doesn't end Canal expansion, the ACP will assume works.

In this climate of confrontation, President Varela has suggested the path of dialogue. The reason seems to be that the DAB (Dispute Adjudication Board), has returned to give the reason on 31 December 2015, GUPC in two new resolved complaints about costs on vacation to additional national and disturbances produced on the Atlantic side in 2012. I.e., although the ACP to achieve complete works of enlargement (only missing 4%), risk of placing GUP strong economic demand before the DAB with odds of winning it.

Those who participate in the dialogues?

To ensure the success of the dialogues the Government of Panama has generally resorted to the United Nations program for development (UNDP). This is a respected and credible entity for the whole of the economic actors, social and political. But UNDP participation has not been enough to guarantee success in the past.

If the Varela, President convenes various dialogues is because it perceived that it is has eroded the social and political basis of support to his Government. To make these efforts successful required inclusive dialogue, seeking to incorporate organizations expressing critical opinions. Currently the "civil society" is reduced to a small group of journalists and representatives of non-capacity mobilization, but great media exposure. The agenda and discourse of this small sector have become repetitive

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